Oblivion's enchanting is genuinely busted compared to Skyrim, but it's not quite as bad as the "breaks the game entirely" crowd makes it sound - it depends entirely on what you're doing with it.
The core problem is that enchantments scale way harder with your gear than they do in Skyrim. In Skyrim, even an end-game enchantment is balanced around the fact that you're wearing one or two pieces of gear. In Oblivion, you can stack the same effect across your entire body - helmet, chest, gloves, boots, ring, amulet - and each piece amplifies the effect independently. So yeah, if you go full min-max with something like constant Fortify Intelligence and Alchemy, you can create potions strong enough to make the rest of the game trivial. It's mathematically broken.
But here's the thing: you don't have to do that. At level 12, honestly, just use enchanted gear you find or buy. The game is tuned assuming you'll use some enchantments, so wearing normal enchanted stuff won't ruin anything. Where it gets stupid is when you start crafting your own with the intention of gaming the system - like enchanting gear specifically to boost your crafting stats, then using that to make better gear, ad infinitum.
If you want to engage with enchanting without breaking it, just set yourself a rule: don't intentionally chain-craft to amplify your own stats. Use what you find, buy what you want, maybe enchant a weapon or two with something straightforward like "Frost Damage" or "Absorb Health." The game's still fun that way. You'll feel powerful without turning it into a spreadsheet.